Sabtu, 19 Oktober 2019

PHONOLOGY

                                                         



PHONOLOGY

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APA YANG DIMAKSUD DENGAN PHONOLOGY ?
Phonology adalah bagian dari ilmu bahasa yang mempelajari tata bunyi/kaidah bunyi dan cara menghasilkan.
Phonology merupakan bagian penting dari suara atau bunyi di dalam pengucapan bahasa. Fonologi diartikan sebagai kajian bahasa yang mempelajari tentang bunyi-bunyi bahasa yang diproduksi oleh alat ucap manusia. Bidang kajian fonologi adalah bunyi bahasa sebagai satuan terkecil dari ujaran dengan gabungan bunyi yang membentuk suku kata.

Fonologi terdiri dari 2 (dua) bagian, yaitu :
Fonetik  Mempelajari bagaimana bunyi-bunyi fonem sebuah bahasa direalisasikan atau dilafalkan. Fonetik   juga mempelajari cara kerja organ tubuh manusia, terutama yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan dan pengucapan bahasa
Fonemik adalah kajian atau analisis Bunyi bahasa dengan memperhatikan statusnya sebagai pembeda makna. Bunyi bahasa yang diucapkan oleh manusia akan memiliki pembeda makna pada setiap bunyi bahasanya. 

Ada 3 (tiga) unsur penting ketika organ ucap manusia memproduksi bunyi atau fonem, yaitu:
a)                  udara - sebagai penghantar bunyi 
b)                 artikulator - bagian alat ucap yang bergerak, dan   
c)                  titik artikulasi (disebut juga artikulator pasif) - bagian alat ucap yang menjadi titik sentuh artikulator. 

Fungsi Phonology
Untuk mengetahui perubahan bunyi suara pada suatu kata. Mempelajari tentang proses pembentukan bunyi, penyampaian/ pengucapannya. Mempelajari cara kerja organ tubuh manusia terutama yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan bahasa. 

Aturan Phonology
a.                 Phonetic
Phonetic mempelajari bagaimana sesuatu bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh manusia disebut secara betul. Sedangkan fonologi adalah ilmu yang berdasarkan fonetik dan mempelajari sistem fonetika.

b.                 Alat ucap
Alat ucap adalah organ pada tubuh manusia yang berfungsi dalam pengucapan bunyi bahasa. Organ-organ yang terlibat antara lain adalah paru-paru, laring, faring, rongga hidung, rongga mulut, bibir, gigi, lidah, alveolum, palatum, velum, dan uvula.
Alat ucap terbagi dua yaitu artikulator pasif dan artikulator aktif. Artikulator pasif adalah organ-organ yang tak bergerak sewaktu terjadi artikulasi suara seperti bibir atas, gigi atas dan alveolum. Artikulator aktif bergerak ke arah artikulator pasif untuk menghasilkan berbagai bunyi bahasa dengan berbagai cara. Artikulator aktif utama adalah lidah, uvula, dan rahang bawah (termasuk gigi bawah dan bibir bawah).

c.                  Proses fonasi
Fonasi atau proses bersuara adalah suatu proses di mana pita suara di tenggorokan menghasilkan bunyian dengan atau tanpa suara. Misalnya, konsonan ‘h’ dan ‘k’ dihasilkan tanpa getaran pita suara, karena itu disebut bunyian tanpa suara. Bunyian vocal (a, i, u, e, o) dihasilkan dengan getaran pita suara, maka disebut bunyian bersuara.

d.                 Klasifikasi Bahasa
Klasifikasi bahasa adalah  sebuah metode untuk menyusun data secara sistematis atau menurut beberapa aturan atau kaidah yang telah ditetapkan dalam mengelompokan bahasa.

e.                  Klasifikasi vocal
Klasifikasi vocal adalah  sebuah metode untuk menyusun data secara sistematis atau menurut beberapa aturan atau kaidah yang telah ditetapkan dalam mengelompokan vocal/suara .

f.                   Silabel
Silabel atau Suku kata adalah satu fonem atau lebih yang ditandai oleh satu puncak kenyaringan fonem yang terletak pada vokal.

JENIS-JENIS PROSES PHONOLOGY
Proses fonologis didefinisikan sebagai proses perubahan suara. Jensen terbagi menjadi sembilan jenis proses fonologis. Itu adalah asimilasi, disimilasi, ganti rugi, benteng, penyisipan, penghapusan, lenghthening, perpanjangan kompensasi, dan pemendekan (Jensen, 2004).
1.                 Sebuah. Asimilasi
Jenis ini didefinisikan bahwa suara telah berubah menjadi menjadi seperti suara terdekat. Misalnya, anjing dan sapi dikenal sebagai morfem jamak Inggris. Kata-kata ini diucapkan, sementara kucing diucapkan.

2.                 Disimilasi
Tipe ini didefinisikan jika ada suara yang menjadi kurang seperti suara tetangga.

3.                 Lenition
Jenis ini disebut melemah, suatu pengurangan itu terjadi dalam suara untuk tingkat striktur. Untuk misalnya, [t] untuk takjub, taksir, batu, [tʰ] untuk timah, tradisi.

4.                 Benteng
Jenis ini adalah kebalikan dari ganti rugi. Benteng terjadi dalam suara yang disebabkan oleh bergerak, bisa jadi diperkuat dengan bergerak. Misalnya, aspirasi Bahasa Inggris berhenti bersuara di posisi awal kata dan sebelum menekankan vokal, ulet, kerabat, dan batu topas.

5.                 Insersi
Tipe ini juga disebut epenthesis. Penyisipan adalah didefinisikan sebagai penambahan dalam suatu segmen. Ini digunakan untuk memfasilitasi pengucapan. Misalnya, gereja, semak-semak, kuda, dan hakim, ada penyisipan [ɩ] untuk kata-kata ini. Akibatnya, morfem jamak memiliki bentuk [ɩz]. Vokal dimasukkan di antara ini segmen untuk membuatnya lebih mudah dan itu juga untuk memastikan bahwa morfem jamak dipahami dengan jelas. Karena, pengucapan urutan [sz] adalah sulit.

6.                 Penghapusan
Jenis penghapusan yang berlawanan adalah penyisipan. Penghapusan didefinisikan sebagai cara berurusan dengan cluster yang sulit konsonan. Misalnya antara dua kata ini, bilah [bɑ:] dan parkir [pɑ: k].

7.                 Lenghthening
Jenis ini mempengaruhi panjang vokal fonemik. Di Rusia, panjang vokal terjadi dalam alofonik. Sebagai contoh, [u] ruki yang ditekankan berarti 'tangan' sementara [u] tanpa tekanan dari ruki berarti 'tangan'. Tekanan [u] dari ruki lebih panjang dari [u] tanpa tekanan.

8.                 Lenghthening Kompensasi
Tipe ini adalah bentuk khusus dari pemanjangan. Untuk Misalnya lenghthenings yang terjadi dalam bahasa Latin. Vokal diperpanjang sebagai kompensasi atas hilangnya  itu awalnya mengikutinya saya.

9.                 Memendekkan
Jenis ini terjadi dalam vokal yang menjadi lebih pendek di depan konsonan bersuara atau konsonan bersuara. Untuk contoh tulis ['ɹəyt], dengan diftong [ɑy] dan [ɑw] vokal dinaikkan menjadi mid vowel [ə].

103 komentar:

  1. so far so good mar. and thanks for the information. but, if I may give you some advice, you can edit your content. make it easy for people to understand.

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. Is it beyond this that you begin to understand what phonology is?

      I will fix the next blog. thank you rin

      Hapus
  2. Your blog is good but the content is still unclear. maybe your reference in writing is still lacking

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. sorry if you don't like my content.
      I will fix it 😊

      Hapus
  3. hai mariaaa...What are your roles and responsibilities as a prospective English teacher in the field of phonology?😉

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. I will teach my students better in the future in understanding phonology, because phonology is very important in everyday life. 😉😉😉😉

      Hapus
  4. Give an example of an articulator?

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. The alticulator is a human speech tool, for example: The speech tool is divided into two namely passive articulator and active articulator. Passive articulators are organs that do not move during sound articulation such as the upper lip, upper teeth and alveolum. The active articulator moves towards the passive articulator to produce various language sounds in various ways. The main active articulators are the tongue, uvula and lower jaw (including lower teeth and lower lip). 😊

      Hapus
  5. Give an example of an articulator?

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. The alticulator is a human speech tool, for example: The speech tool is divided into two namely passive articulator and active articulator. Passive articulators are organs that do not move during sound articulation such as the upper lip, upper teeth and alveolum. The active articulator moves towards the passive articulator to produce various language sounds in various ways. The main active articulators are the tongue, uvula and lower jaw (including lower teeth and lower lip). 😉

      Hapus
  6. Komentar ini telah dihapus oleh pengarang.

    BalasHapus
  7. Balasan
    1. Dissimilation is the opposite of assimilation, two nearby sounds become less equal. Phonological process in which segments become less similar to each other.
      Examples of synchronous dissimilation are rare, except perhaps for what might be called elimimimated elim. One type of disimilation is haplology - a sound change that involves the loss of syllables when it is next to phonetically identical (or similar) syllables.
      Probably the best known example is the reduction of Ang laland in the United Kingdom to land Eng in modern English.
      Haplology is sometimes called syllable syncope. (The colleague of haplology in writing is haplography — the intentional omission of letters that must be repeated, such as mispell for misspell.)

      Hapus
  8. full of stars. do you hope to get a star?

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. hahahahahahah .....
      hope ...
      who knows how to get a rising star from mr. mind 😉

      Hapus
  9. Thanks a lot for sharing Maria
    And good job for your theme, it's so cute

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. thank you wanw🤗
      What do you like? and understand the phonology explanation that I explained above right?🤔

      Hapus
    2. Yeah I understand but not too much, at least if someone ask what is phonology to me I can answer it a little:)

      Hapus
  10. I like your blog, it seems complete :) and I also like the theme. so cool to look at.

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. thank you rin 😉😉😉😉
      if you don't understand, please ask, yes, and if you understand, please comment 😉

      Hapus
  11. Hai Maria, i wanna give you an advice to changes your theme . it makes the writing difficult to read

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. what's the advice bouuuu😘? and what motives are suitable for my blog?
      I will try, if you give good advice.🤠

      Hapus
  12. what are the benefits of learning phonology?

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. Phonological function
      To find out the change in sound of a word. Learn about the process of sound formation, delivery / pronunciation. Study the workings of human organs related to language use. 😉

      Tolong dibaca jangan dicomment dan bertanya saja.
      Karena saya sudah menjelaskan diatas thank you 🤗💓💓💓

      Hapus
  13. Your material is not dense so I as a reader do not understand as well as the composition of the words.

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. what you don't understand let me explain in detail 😉

      Hapus
  14. What are the main differences between phonetics and phonology?

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. The difference is that phonology learns about sound speech while phonetic is the result of sound speech that is formed in sound and is used as a communication tool 😉

      Hapus
  15. Nice blog, but to make it even better you add conclusions so that the reader understands more what we want to convey 😊

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. good advice.
      Thank you, Sinta
      I will improve in the futur😉😉😉

      Hapus
  16. So what do you choose star template? Want to be a star?? Oo tidak semudah itu ferguso

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. BECAUSE In my opinion, the template is Bintang IT Bagus.
      Moreover, the color is NOT too tacky, I like it😍

      Hapus
  17. what is meant by alveolum, palate, velum and uvula?

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. Alveoli are anatomical structures that have a hollow shape.

      Palatal is the sound produced by placing the front of the tongue near or on the hard palate (sounds [c], [j])

      velum is a structure or membrane similar to the caudal head, found in the upper jaw. Another meaning of the word velum is the back of the soft palate.

      uvula is a protrusion in the hanging oral cavity and comes from the extension of the palate mole (soft palate on the back)

      Hapus
  18. So bad and do you want to be a star??
    Or you want a star??

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. Bad ??
      I just want to be like a star where it emits its own light.

      Hapus
  19. Hi Maria! I wanna ask to you.what the meaning of asimilasi?

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. Assimilation is the assimilation of two cultures accompanied by the loss of the characteristics of the original culture so as to form a new culture. An assimilation is characterized by efforts to reduce the difference between people or groups. To reduce this difference, assimilation involves efforts to strengthen the unity of actions, attitudes, and feelings by paying attention to shared interests and goals.

      Thanks nuki

      Hapus
  20. Hi Maria! Your blog is really standard, the stars disturb me reading

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. What makes my stars bother you reading?

      but I will try to fix it

      Hapus
  21. I wanna ask u Maria, why in disimilation is defined if there is a sound that becomes less like a neighbor's voice? What do u mean?

    BalasHapus
  22. hi Maria, I want to give you advice for changing the theme of your blog, it makes the writing difficult to read.

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. oh thanks for the advice you gave. it really helped me in developing this blog.

      Hapus
  23. hi maria, there are too many stars on your blog hahahha

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. I deliberately made it so that I could be like the stars in the sky that radiate the light

      Hapus
  24. Hello maria..
    Your blog is good, but i wanna give you an advice to change your blog's background because i'm "salfok" with your stars 😅

    BalasHapus
  25. Hello maria..
    Your blog is good, but i wanna give you an advice to change your blog's background because i'm "salfok" with your stars 😅

    BalasHapus
  26. Hello maria..
    Your blog is good, but i wanna give you an advice to change your blog's background because i'm "salfok" with your stars 😅

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. Is not it ?
      thank you for giving good advice, I will fix it as soon as possible, so that you do not "selfok" with my blog

      Hapus
  27. I think it's better for you to explain in your own language to make it easier to understand

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. sorry if the language I use is still too difficult to understand.
      Maybe in the next post I will consider it more

      Hapus
  28. You make it so simple and easy to understand , but still not beat the simplicity of my blog.

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. are you kidding me ?

      I have to see your blog soon. don't underestimate me.

      Hapus
  29. Hello maria, your template so much the star. Make my eyes too star

    BalasHapus
  30. Balasan
    1. Is it true ?

      I will fix it as soon as possible. thank you for giving enter

      Hapus
  31. Hei maria, I really like your blog this time, because it's colorful and complete. keep going like this, don't give up😉😉😉

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. Thankyou for supporting me Fina.

      I like to make it more better than now. 😄😄

      Hapus
  32. hi maria🥰 what is the definition of phonology according to experts?

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. There are several definitions of phonology according to experts as follows:
      1. As revealed by Kridalaksana (2002) according to him, quoted from the linguistic dictionary, phonology has a field meaning in linguistics that studies various language sounds based on their function.
      2. Based on the Big Indonesian Dictionary (Ministry of Education and Culture, 1988: 244), phonology has the meaning of the study of sound sounds, especially relating to the history and theories of sound change.
      3. Based on the explanation from Abdul Chaer (2003: 102), based on etymology the term "phonology" is formed from the word "phon" which means "sound" while "logi" has the meaning as "science". So, in general can be said that phonology has the meaning of science that studies the sound of language that is generally used by humans.
      4. Verhaar (1984: 36) also explains that phonology has a significant meaning in which a science that studies the special field of linguistics that examines the sound of a particular language in accordance with its function aims to be a differentiator between lexical meaning in a language.
      5. According to Keraf, 1984: 30. Phonology can be interpreted as part of the language structure that studies the sounds of language
      6. Fromkin & Rodman explained the Definition of Phonology, which is a field of linguistics that observes, studies, analyzes and speaks related to language grammar.
      7. The definition of phonology is based on what was said by Trubetzkoy (1962: 11-12), phonology is the study of language related to the language system, language organization and is a study of the linguistic function of language.
      8. Meanwhile, according to Daniel Jones, the definition of phonology is the sound system of a language.

      Hapus
  33. Hi maria!!!
    huftt. Your blog is like a night full of stars. what your life is also full of stars? 😂😂 plus your long explanation makes me dizzy and become bored with this blog.

    BalasHapus
  34. Hii Maria💐greeting from me ziraa😊😊your blog is good maria,i like your tamplet,see stars😍😍your explain so detail dear,but i am so sorry,i cant understand what do you explain?😌i think you must give the simple example for closing this blog,okay maria spirit to learn😊

    BalasHapus
  35. Hi maria. You mention about Language Clarification in your writing. Can you tell what are they? The method I mean. This is the first time I heard about it in Phonology.Please answer the question. Thank you.

    BalasHapus
  36. Hi maria 🌸 how are you ? I hope you are good because I'm not good, because I still don't know and don't understand, what do you mean about language clarification and vocal clarification, can you explain to me about them with some examples ? Thank you maria 🌸🤓

    BalasHapus
  37. Komentar ini telah dihapus oleh pengarang.

    BalasHapus
  38. Hi maria ლ(╹◡╹ლ) what is your major ? English or Indonesian ? Why you explain about this topic using Indonesian ? You understand English,don't you ? So tell your readers with your English baby ლ(╹◡╹ლ)

    BalasHapus
  39. Hi maria 🌸 i want to ask to you again, what is the definition of phonemes in your opinion ? Then how can we know that is phoneme ? please explain it to me, maybe you have some ways to help me 🌸 thank you maria 🌸Salam EsJuCoal

    BalasHapus
  40. Hi, i need to point out that its a bit annoying when i see the title is in english but the whole post is in bahasa. maybe you can make it in english version so other than understanding the material, we also improve our way to understan written english. thank you.

    BalasHapus
  41. This template needs to be improved the background and the transparency makes it hard to read. Change it to something moore light and solid.

    BalasHapus
  42. Hi maria 😊😊 I am lia silveria sinaga 👋 I have seen your presentation, I think your presentation is very good 😊 and very interesting 😊 and now I want to ask you, What are the benefits of your topic? Give me the reason 🙏 Oke thank you Maria 🙏 have a nice day 😇

    BalasHapus
  43. hello maria 👋👋 I'm come back 👋 I'm lia silveria sinaga 😊😊😊 here I want to ask you, why did you choose this topic? what is interesting about this topic? thanks maria 😊🙏 have a nice day 😇😇

    BalasHapus
  44. Haiii Mariaaa What is the different of phonology and phonetic, can you give me an example of the both to make me understand that ?please explain it maria😊

    BalasHapus
  45. Hi.. Hi... Hi... Maria letare sitompul 👋👋 I'm lia silveria sinaga 😊😊 i have came to your post video presentation In your blog, but I can't leave a comment, so in here I leave my comments Maria 😊 and then please attention😊😊😊 thank you maria 🙏

    BalasHapus
  46. Komentar ini telah dihapus oleh pengarang.

    BalasHapus
  47. hello maria letare sitompul 👋 I'm lia silveria sinaga 😊😊😊 here I want to ask you, why did you choose this topic? what is interesting about this topic? so you chose this? 😊😊😊 and then What are the benefits of your topic? Give me the reason 🙏 have a nice day maria 😇 thank you 😊🙏

    BalasHapus
  48. hi Maria letare sitompul 👋 I'm lia silveria sinaga 😊😊 awkwkwk I'm coming back 😊😊😊 I hope you don't get bored to answer my questions 😊😊 I read your presentation again, apparently you're using Indonesian 😔😔 Why do you use speak Indonesian? are you English department, right? so why you use speak Indonesian 😑😑 you can try to write in English, so that you are accustomed to using english 😊😊 please try monalisa 😊😊 i know you can 😇😇 thank you monalisa 🙏 have a nice day 😇

    BalasHapus
  49. hi maria letare sitompul 👋 I'm lia silveria sinaga 😊 i have seen your video explanation in the blog, I think your explanation is very short 😔😔😔 and i can't find the conclusions from your video 😌😌 and your template it's good 😂😂 but makes it difficult for me to read because the colors and writing are a bit similar 🙄🙄 sorry Maria 🙏😊 but I'm seriously 😂😂😂

    BalasHapus
  50. Hi, i need to point out that its a bit annoying when i see the title is in english but the whole post is in bahasa. maybe you can make it in english version so other than understanding the material, we also improve our way to understan written english. thank you.

    BalasHapus
  51. i think its important to change the language to english since we're studying english. it could improve our skill to translate and we can also understanding the subject in english.

    BalasHapus
  52. i really like the content of your blog. but maybe you need to change some little detail like font size and font color so it's easier to read and understanding your posts.

    BalasHapus
  53. Hello maria.. 👋👋👋 how are you??? I like your blog.
    Your material is phonology, right. I don't want read the others people comment, so i want ask to you, maybe my question already asked the other person but i still have to ask.... ha.... ha... 😀😀😀 Maria .... What do you think about phonology??? Thank you 🙏💕

    BalasHapus
  54. Hello Maria 👋,,, are you OK. today??? 😄😄😄 . You say, phonology is the study the sounds of human language,,, right. OK,,, 👌 i see...
    So that means, phonology learning about pronunciation??? Try explain to me😘😘😘

    BalasHapus
  55. Hello..Maria 🤗🤗🤗🤗🤗 This is my first time visit on your blog. I don't know why I love your blog's templete so much. I find it very interesting and cutting to the point. I wish I could make my blog like you,...🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹

    BalasHapus
  56. Hello Maria 👋👋👋 according to the article that I read, Phonology is the study of the patterns of sounds in a language and across languages.
    Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that focuses on the production and classification of the world’s speech sounds. So,,, 🤔🤔🤔 what do you think different between phonology and phonetic? Please explain!!! 🙏🙏🙏💕

    BalasHapus
  57. Maria..Introduce..I am Dewi Agustini..I don't know you know me or no..I don't care about it..coz so many Maria in this class..but for all..I am glad to meet you here..I have seen you are smart student..🌻🌼🌻🌼🌻🌼

    BalasHapus
  58. But Maria..may I suggest you to change your language when you write some topic ????? Because we are studying in english department..👩‍🏫👩‍🏫👩‍🏫👩‍🏫 Don't you think you should always speak English in order to improve your English ????😉😉😉😉😉😉

    BalasHapus
  59. It is never mine...Maria..you can start to write next topic by english.No matter about mistakes..trust me..in the mistakes we can find the truth..hahhhhahaa😄😄😄😄😄😄

    BalasHapus
  60. We have some topic is about phonology Maria..so..I don't wanna ask you about phonology...😀😀😀😀 But...I wanna ask you about your goal study of phonology...what is your goal Maria ???

    BalasHapus
  61. Maybe we have the same goals or differently..🙄🙄🙄🙄 We can combain our knowledge Maria...I hope someday we can meet up to discuss or eat a bowl of meatball maybe..hahahahahaha..😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

    BalasHapus
  62. Well..thank you for reading my comments here Maria..and don't forget I am waiting you in my blog too..so you can put some comments there..okeyy..😉😉😉😉😉 see you 😙

    BalasHapus
  63. Well..thank you for reading my comments here Maria..and don't forget I am waiting you in my blog too..so you can put some comments there..okeyy..😉😉😉😉😉 see you 😙

    BalasHapus
  64. I can make a better posts than this one even when im in 3rd grade. No one would read yor blog if you keep doing these kind of mistakes. Please learn more about writing and many more blogging kind of things. #bully #peace

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. hi shella widia
      everywhere you don't respect people's feelings.
      you should deepen social science. especially how to respect others.

      Hapus
  65. You broke my eyes with this post. I’d rather read a broken old news paper from freaking 1880’s then reading this post. This blog looks like it’s made by a war veteran who still got PTSD. Please learn more about writing and many more blogging kind of things. #bully #peace

    BalasHapus
  66. Hi Maria, I think I've seen you
    but I forgot the name of the place.
    oh yeah on my blog. You said my writing was hard to read because of my template.
    then what about you? your writing is also hard to read

    BalasHapus
  67. hi maria, how are you
    Looking at your presentation yesterday I was a little disappointed. even though the powtoon that you made is good, but you don't have any tricks to explain it to the audience. you should learn more about teaching.

    BalasHapus
  68. good morning maria
    had lunch?
    I hope you will keep writing a blog. because your work is very good. keep the spirit of college yes Maria

    BalasHapus
  69. Hello Maria. This posting is lack with information and also you don't use any media like power point or video to explain your topics. So it will make the people who reads fell bored.

    BalasHapus
  70. You also post with Indonesia Language even though you are student of English department also know this is Linguistics course, one of English majors courses. Please change the language okay.

    BalasHapus
  71. maria your template is like a kid, can't you replace it. Just download the template on Google and add the widget

    BalasHapus
  72. my advice for you you should choose colors that symbolize the impression of cheerful, uplifting. so that your readers also feel the warmth

    BalasHapus
  73. maria I want to ask, how interesting is this phonology that you want to discuss it? what are the benefits?

    BalasHapus

Maria Letare Sitompul

*Technology* Title   : Technology Ts       : - make thing easier And to increase income Body  : - When you want to order food just open ...