PHONOLOGY
APA YANG DIMAKSUD DENGAN PHONOLOGY ?
Phonology
adalah bagian dari ilmu bahasa yang mempelajari tata bunyi/kaidah bunyi dan
cara menghasilkan.
Phonology
merupakan bagian penting dari suara atau bunyi di dalam pengucapan bahasa.
Fonologi diartikan sebagai kajian bahasa yang mempelajari tentang bunyi-bunyi
bahasa yang diproduksi oleh alat ucap manusia. Bidang kajian fonologi adalah
bunyi bahasa sebagai satuan terkecil dari ujaran dengan gabungan bunyi yang
membentuk suku kata.
Fonologi terdiri dari 2 (dua) bagian, yaitu :
Fonetik
Mempelajari bagaimana bunyi-bunyi fonem sebuah bahasa direalisasikan atau
dilafalkan. Fonetik juga mempelajari cara kerja organ tubuh
manusia, terutama yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan dan pengucapan bahasa
Fonemik adalah
kajian atau analisis Bunyi bahasa dengan memperhatikan statusnya sebagai
pembeda makna. Bunyi bahasa yang diucapkan oleh manusia akan memiliki pembeda
makna pada setiap bunyi bahasanya.
Ada 3 (tiga) unsur penting ketika organ ucap manusia
memproduksi bunyi atau fonem, yaitu:
a)
udara - sebagai penghantar bunyi
b)
artikulator - bagian alat ucap yang bergerak, dan
c)
titik artikulasi (disebut juga artikulator pasif) - bagian alat ucap
yang menjadi titik sentuh artikulator.
Fungsi Phonology
Untuk mengetahui perubahan bunyi suara pada suatu kata.
Mempelajari tentang proses pembentukan bunyi, penyampaian/ pengucapannya.
Mempelajari cara kerja organ tubuh manusia terutama yang berhubungan dengan
penggunaan bahasa.
Aturan Phonology
a.
Phonetic
Phonetic
mempelajari bagaimana sesuatu bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh manusia disebut secara
betul. Sedangkan fonologi adalah ilmu yang berdasarkan fonetik dan mempelajari
sistem fonetika.
b.
Alat ucap
Alat
ucap adalah organ pada tubuh manusia yang berfungsi dalam pengucapan bunyi
bahasa. Organ-organ yang terlibat antara lain adalah paru-paru, laring, faring,
rongga hidung, rongga mulut, bibir, gigi, lidah, alveolum, palatum, velum, dan
uvula.
Alat
ucap terbagi dua yaitu artikulator pasif dan artikulator aktif. Artikulator
pasif adalah organ-organ yang tak bergerak sewaktu terjadi artikulasi suara
seperti bibir atas, gigi atas dan alveolum. Artikulator aktif bergerak ke arah
artikulator pasif untuk menghasilkan berbagai bunyi bahasa dengan berbagai
cara. Artikulator aktif utama adalah lidah, uvula, dan rahang bawah (termasuk
gigi bawah dan bibir bawah).
c.
Proses
fonasi
Fonasi
atau proses bersuara adalah
suatu proses di mana pita suara di tenggorokan menghasilkan bunyian dengan atau
tanpa suara. Misalnya, konsonan ‘h’ dan ‘k’ dihasilkan tanpa getaran pita
suara, karena itu disebut bunyian tanpa suara. Bunyian vocal (a, i, u, e, o)
dihasilkan dengan getaran pita suara, maka disebut bunyian bersuara.
d.
Klasifikasi
Bahasa
Klasifikasi
bahasa adalah sebuah metode untuk menyusun data secara sistematis atau
menurut beberapa aturan atau kaidah yang telah ditetapkan dalam mengelompokan
bahasa.
e.
Klasifikasi
vocal
Klasifikasi
vocal adalah sebuah metode untuk menyusun data secara sistematis atau
menurut beberapa aturan atau kaidah yang telah ditetapkan dalam mengelompokan
vocal/suara .
f.
Silabel
Silabel
atau Suku kata adalah satu fonem atau lebih yang ditandai oleh satu puncak
kenyaringan fonem yang terletak pada vokal.
JENIS-JENIS PROSES PHONOLOGY
Proses fonologis didefinisikan sebagai proses perubahan
suara. Jensen terbagi menjadi sembilan jenis proses fonologis. Itu adalah
asimilasi, disimilasi, ganti rugi, benteng, penyisipan, penghapusan,
lenghthening, perpanjangan kompensasi, dan pemendekan (Jensen, 2004).
1.
Sebuah.
Asimilasi
Jenis
ini didefinisikan bahwa suara telah berubah menjadi menjadi seperti suara
terdekat. Misalnya, anjing dan sapi dikenal sebagai morfem jamak Inggris.
Kata-kata ini diucapkan, sementara kucing diucapkan.
2.
Disimilasi
Tipe
ini didefinisikan jika ada suara yang menjadi kurang seperti suara tetangga.
3.
Lenition
Jenis
ini disebut melemah, suatu pengurangan itu terjadi dalam suara untuk tingkat
striktur. Untuk misalnya, [t] untuk takjub, taksir, batu, [tʰ] untuk timah,
tradisi.
4.
Benteng
Jenis
ini adalah kebalikan dari ganti rugi. Benteng terjadi dalam suara yang
disebabkan oleh bergerak, bisa jadi diperkuat dengan bergerak. Misalnya,
aspirasi Bahasa Inggris berhenti bersuara di posisi awal kata dan sebelum
menekankan vokal, ulet, kerabat, dan batu topas.
5.
Insersi
Tipe
ini juga disebut epenthesis. Penyisipan adalah didefinisikan sebagai penambahan
dalam suatu segmen. Ini digunakan untuk memfasilitasi pengucapan. Misalnya,
gereja, semak-semak, kuda, dan hakim, ada penyisipan [ɩ] untuk kata-kata ini.
Akibatnya, morfem jamak memiliki bentuk [ɩz]. Vokal dimasukkan di antara ini
segmen untuk membuatnya lebih mudah dan itu juga untuk memastikan bahwa morfem
jamak dipahami dengan jelas. Karena, pengucapan urutan [sz] adalah sulit.
6.
Penghapusan
Jenis
penghapusan yang berlawanan adalah penyisipan. Penghapusan didefinisikan
sebagai cara berurusan dengan cluster yang sulit konsonan. Misalnya antara dua
kata ini, bilah [bɑ:] dan parkir [pɑ: k].
7.
Lenghthening
Jenis
ini mempengaruhi panjang vokal fonemik. Di Rusia, panjang vokal terjadi dalam
alofonik. Sebagai contoh, [u] ruki yang ditekankan berarti 'tangan' sementara
[u] tanpa tekanan dari ruki berarti 'tangan'. Tekanan [u] dari ruki lebih
panjang dari [u] tanpa tekanan.
8.
Lenghthening
Kompensasi
Tipe
ini adalah bentuk khusus dari pemanjangan. Untuk Misalnya lenghthenings yang
terjadi dalam bahasa Latin. Vokal diperpanjang sebagai kompensasi atas
hilangnya itu awalnya mengikutinya saya.
9.
Memendekkan
Jenis ini
terjadi dalam vokal yang menjadi lebih pendek di depan konsonan bersuara atau
konsonan bersuara. Untuk contoh tulis ['ɹəyt], dengan diftong [ɑy] dan [ɑw]
vokal dinaikkan menjadi mid vowel [ə].
so far so good mar. and thanks for the information. but, if I may give you some advice, you can edit your content. make it easy for people to understand.
BalasHapusIs it beyond this that you begin to understand what phonology is?
HapusI will fix the next blog. thank you rin
Your blog is good but the content is still unclear. maybe your reference in writing is still lacking
BalasHapussorry if you don't like my content.
HapusI will fix it 😊
hai mariaaa...What are your roles and responsibilities as a prospective English teacher in the field of phonology?😉
BalasHapusI will teach my students better in the future in understanding phonology, because phonology is very important in everyday life. 😉😉😉😉
HapusGive an example of an articulator?
BalasHapusThe alticulator is a human speech tool, for example: The speech tool is divided into two namely passive articulator and active articulator. Passive articulators are organs that do not move during sound articulation such as the upper lip, upper teeth and alveolum. The active articulator moves towards the passive articulator to produce various language sounds in various ways. The main active articulators are the tongue, uvula and lower jaw (including lower teeth and lower lip). 😊
HapusGive an example of an articulator?
BalasHapusThe alticulator is a human speech tool, for example: The speech tool is divided into two namely passive articulator and active articulator. Passive articulators are organs that do not move during sound articulation such as the upper lip, upper teeth and alveolum. The active articulator moves towards the passive articulator to produce various language sounds in various ways. The main active articulators are the tongue, uvula and lower jaw (including lower teeth and lower lip). 😉
HapusKomentar ini telah dihapus oleh pengarang.
BalasHapusgive an example of dissimilation?
BalasHapusDissimilation is the opposite of assimilation, two nearby sounds become less equal. Phonological process in which segments become less similar to each other.
HapusExamples of synchronous dissimilation are rare, except perhaps for what might be called elimimimated elim. One type of disimilation is haplology - a sound change that involves the loss of syllables when it is next to phonetically identical (or similar) syllables.
Probably the best known example is the reduction of Ang laland in the United Kingdom to land Eng in modern English.
Haplology is sometimes called syllable syncope. (The colleague of haplology in writing is haplography — the intentional omission of letters that must be repeated, such as mispell for misspell.)
full of stars. do you hope to get a star?
BalasHapushahahahahahah .....
Hapushope ...
who knows how to get a rising star from mr. mind 😉
Thanks a lot for sharing Maria
BalasHapusAnd good job for your theme, it's so cute
thank you wanw🤗
HapusWhat do you like? and understand the phonology explanation that I explained above right?🤔
Yeah I understand but not too much, at least if someone ask what is phonology to me I can answer it a little:)
HapusI like your blog, it seems complete :) and I also like the theme. so cool to look at.
BalasHapusthank you rin 😉😉😉😉
Hapusif you don't understand, please ask, yes, and if you understand, please comment 😉
Hai Maria, i wanna give you an advice to changes your theme . it makes the writing difficult to read
BalasHapuswhat's the advice bouuuu😘? and what motives are suitable for my blog?
HapusI will try, if you give good advice.🤠
what are the benefits of learning phonology?
BalasHapusPhonological function
HapusTo find out the change in sound of a word. Learn about the process of sound formation, delivery / pronunciation. Study the workings of human organs related to language use. 😉
Tolong dibaca jangan dicomment dan bertanya saja.
Karena saya sudah menjelaskan diatas thank you 🤗💓💓💓
Your material is not dense so I as a reader do not understand as well as the composition of the words.
BalasHapuswhat you don't understand let me explain in detail 😉
HapusWhat are the main differences between phonetics and phonology?
BalasHapusThe difference is that phonology learns about sound speech while phonetic is the result of sound speech that is formed in sound and is used as a communication tool 😉
HapusNice blog, but to make it even better you add conclusions so that the reader understands more what we want to convey 😊
BalasHapusgood advice.
HapusThank you, Sinta
I will improve in the futur😉😉😉
So what do you choose star template? Want to be a star?? Oo tidak semudah itu ferguso
BalasHapusBECAUSE In my opinion, the template is Bintang IT Bagus.
HapusMoreover, the color is NOT too tacky, I like it😍
what is meant by alveolum, palate, velum and uvula?
BalasHapusAlveoli are anatomical structures that have a hollow shape.
HapusPalatal is the sound produced by placing the front of the tongue near or on the hard palate (sounds [c], [j])
velum is a structure or membrane similar to the caudal head, found in the upper jaw. Another meaning of the word velum is the back of the soft palate.
uvula is a protrusion in the hanging oral cavity and comes from the extension of the palate mole (soft palate on the back)
So bad and do you want to be a star??
BalasHapusOr you want a star??
Bad ??
HapusI just want to be like a star where it emits its own light.
Hi Maria! I wanna ask to you.what the meaning of asimilasi?
BalasHapusAssimilation is the assimilation of two cultures accompanied by the loss of the characteristics of the original culture so as to form a new culture. An assimilation is characterized by efforts to reduce the difference between people or groups. To reduce this difference, assimilation involves efforts to strengthen the unity of actions, attitudes, and feelings by paying attention to shared interests and goals.
HapusThanks nuki
Hi Maria! Your blog is really standard, the stars disturb me reading
BalasHapusWhat makes my stars bother you reading?
Hapusbut I will try to fix it
I wanna ask u Maria, why in disimilation is defined if there is a sound that becomes less like a neighbor's voice? What do u mean?
BalasHapushi Maria, I want to give you advice for changing the theme of your blog, it makes the writing difficult to read.
BalasHapusoh thanks for the advice you gave. it really helped me in developing this blog.
Hapushi maria, there are too many stars on your blog hahahha
BalasHapusI deliberately made it so that I could be like the stars in the sky that radiate the light
HapusHello maria..
BalasHapusYour blog is good, but i wanna give you an advice to change your blog's background because i'm "salfok" with your stars 😅
Hello maria..
BalasHapusYour blog is good, but i wanna give you an advice to change your blog's background because i'm "salfok" with your stars 😅
Hello maria..
BalasHapusYour blog is good, but i wanna give you an advice to change your blog's background because i'm "salfok" with your stars 😅
Is not it ?
Hapusthank you for giving good advice, I will fix it as soon as possible, so that you do not "selfok" with my blog
I think it's better for you to explain in your own language to make it easier to understand
BalasHapussorry if the language I use is still too difficult to understand.
HapusMaybe in the next post I will consider it more
You make it so simple and easy to understand , but still not beat the simplicity of my blog.
BalasHapusare you kidding me ?
HapusI have to see your blog soon. don't underestimate me.
Hello maria, your template so much the star. Make my eyes too star
BalasHapusHahahaha 😄
Hapusyou're too much
The spaces are messy
BalasHapusIs it true ?
HapusI will fix it as soon as possible. thank you for giving enter
Hei maria, I really like your blog this time, because it's colorful and complete. keep going like this, don't give up😉😉😉
BalasHapusThankyou for supporting me Fina.
HapusI like to make it more better than now. 😄😄
hi maria🥰 what is the definition of phonology according to experts?
BalasHapusThere are several definitions of phonology according to experts as follows:
Hapus1. As revealed by Kridalaksana (2002) according to him, quoted from the linguistic dictionary, phonology has a field meaning in linguistics that studies various language sounds based on their function.
2. Based on the Big Indonesian Dictionary (Ministry of Education and Culture, 1988: 244), phonology has the meaning of the study of sound sounds, especially relating to the history and theories of sound change.
3. Based on the explanation from Abdul Chaer (2003: 102), based on etymology the term "phonology" is formed from the word "phon" which means "sound" while "logi" has the meaning as "science". So, in general can be said that phonology has the meaning of science that studies the sound of language that is generally used by humans.
4. Verhaar (1984: 36) also explains that phonology has a significant meaning in which a science that studies the special field of linguistics that examines the sound of a particular language in accordance with its function aims to be a differentiator between lexical meaning in a language.
5. According to Keraf, 1984: 30. Phonology can be interpreted as part of the language structure that studies the sounds of language
6. Fromkin & Rodman explained the Definition of Phonology, which is a field of linguistics that observes, studies, analyzes and speaks related to language grammar.
7. The definition of phonology is based on what was said by Trubetzkoy (1962: 11-12), phonology is the study of language related to the language system, language organization and is a study of the linguistic function of language.
8. Meanwhile, according to Daniel Jones, the definition of phonology is the sound system of a language.
Hi maria!!!
BalasHapushuftt. Your blog is like a night full of stars. what your life is also full of stars? 😂😂 plus your long explanation makes me dizzy and become bored with this blog.
Hii Maria💐greeting from me ziraa😊😊your blog is good maria,i like your tamplet,see stars😍😍your explain so detail dear,but i am so sorry,i cant understand what do you explain?😌i think you must give the simple example for closing this blog,okay maria spirit to learn😊
BalasHapusHi maria. You mention about Language Clarification in your writing. Can you tell what are they? The method I mean. This is the first time I heard about it in Phonology.Please answer the question. Thank you.
BalasHapusHi maria 🌸 how are you ? I hope you are good because I'm not good, because I still don't know and don't understand, what do you mean about language clarification and vocal clarification, can you explain to me about them with some examples ? Thank you maria 🌸🤓
BalasHapusKomentar ini telah dihapus oleh pengarang.
BalasHapusHi maria ლ(╹◡╹ლ) what is your major ? English or Indonesian ? Why you explain about this topic using Indonesian ? You understand English,don't you ? So tell your readers with your English baby ლ(╹◡╹ლ)
BalasHapusHi maria 🌸 i want to ask to you again, what is the definition of phonemes in your opinion ? Then how can we know that is phoneme ? please explain it to me, maybe you have some ways to help me 🌸 thank you maria 🌸Salam EsJuCoal
BalasHapusHi, i need to point out that its a bit annoying when i see the title is in english but the whole post is in bahasa. maybe you can make it in english version so other than understanding the material, we also improve our way to understan written english. thank you.
BalasHapusThis template needs to be improved the background and the transparency makes it hard to read. Change it to something moore light and solid.
BalasHapusHi maria 😊😊 I am lia silveria sinaga 👋 I have seen your presentation, I think your presentation is very good 😊 and very interesting 😊 and now I want to ask you, What are the benefits of your topic? Give me the reason 🙏 Oke thank you Maria 🙏 have a nice day 😇
BalasHapushello maria 👋👋 I'm come back 👋 I'm lia silveria sinaga 😊😊😊 here I want to ask you, why did you choose this topic? what is interesting about this topic? thanks maria 😊🙏 have a nice day 😇😇
BalasHapusHaiii Mariaaa What is the different of phonology and phonetic, can you give me an example of the both to make me understand that ?please explain it maria😊
BalasHapusHi.. Hi... Hi... Maria letare sitompul 👋👋 I'm lia silveria sinaga 😊😊 i have came to your post video presentation In your blog, but I can't leave a comment, so in here I leave my comments Maria 😊 and then please attention😊😊😊 thank you maria 🙏
BalasHapusKomentar ini telah dihapus oleh pengarang.
BalasHapushello maria letare sitompul 👋 I'm lia silveria sinaga 😊😊😊 here I want to ask you, why did you choose this topic? what is interesting about this topic? so you chose this? 😊😊😊 and then What are the benefits of your topic? Give me the reason 🙏 have a nice day maria 😇 thank you 😊🙏
BalasHapushi Maria letare sitompul 👋 I'm lia silveria sinaga 😊😊 awkwkwk I'm coming back 😊😊😊 I hope you don't get bored to answer my questions 😊😊 I read your presentation again, apparently you're using Indonesian 😔😔 Why do you use speak Indonesian? are you English department, right? so why you use speak Indonesian 😑😑 you can try to write in English, so that you are accustomed to using english 😊😊 please try monalisa 😊😊 i know you can 😇😇 thank you monalisa 🙏 have a nice day 😇
BalasHapushi maria letare sitompul 👋 I'm lia silveria sinaga 😊 i have seen your video explanation in the blog, I think your explanation is very short 😔😔😔 and i can't find the conclusions from your video 😌😌 and your template it's good 😂😂 but makes it difficult for me to read because the colors and writing are a bit similar 🙄🙄 sorry Maria 🙏😊 but I'm seriously 😂😂😂
BalasHapusHi, i need to point out that its a bit annoying when i see the title is in english but the whole post is in bahasa. maybe you can make it in english version so other than understanding the material, we also improve our way to understan written english. thank you.
BalasHapusi think its important to change the language to english since we're studying english. it could improve our skill to translate and we can also understanding the subject in english.
BalasHapusi really like the content of your blog. but maybe you need to change some little detail like font size and font color so it's easier to read and understanding your posts.
BalasHapusHello maria.. 👋👋👋 how are you??? I like your blog.
BalasHapusYour material is phonology, right. I don't want read the others people comment, so i want ask to you, maybe my question already asked the other person but i still have to ask.... ha.... ha... 😀😀😀 Maria .... What do you think about phonology??? Thank you 🙏💕
Hello Maria 👋,,, are you OK. today??? 😄😄😄 . You say, phonology is the study the sounds of human language,,, right. OK,,, 👌 i see...
BalasHapusSo that means, phonology learning about pronunciation??? Try explain to me😘😘😘
Hello..Maria 🤗🤗🤗🤗🤗 This is my first time visit on your blog. I don't know why I love your blog's templete so much. I find it very interesting and cutting to the point. I wish I could make my blog like you,...🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹
BalasHapusHello Maria 👋👋👋 according to the article that I read, Phonology is the study of the patterns of sounds in a language and across languages.
BalasHapusPhonetics is a branch of linguistics that focuses on the production and classification of the world’s speech sounds. So,,, 🤔🤔🤔 what do you think different between phonology and phonetic? Please explain!!! 🙏🙏🙏💕
Maria..Introduce..I am Dewi Agustini..I don't know you know me or no..I don't care about it..coz so many Maria in this class..but for all..I am glad to meet you here..I have seen you are smart student..🌻🌼🌻🌼🌻🌼
BalasHapusBut Maria..may I suggest you to change your language when you write some topic ????? Because we are studying in english department..👩🏫👩🏫👩🏫👩🏫 Don't you think you should always speak English in order to improve your English ????😉😉😉😉😉😉
BalasHapusIt is never mine...Maria..you can start to write next topic by english.No matter about mistakes..trust me..in the mistakes we can find the truth..hahhhhahaa😄😄😄😄😄😄
BalasHapusWe have some topic is about phonology Maria..so..I don't wanna ask you about phonology...😀😀😀😀 But...I wanna ask you about your goal study of phonology...what is your goal Maria ???
BalasHapusMaybe we have the same goals or differently..🙄🙄🙄🙄 We can combain our knowledge Maria...I hope someday we can meet up to discuss or eat a bowl of meatball maybe..hahahahahaha..😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
BalasHapusWell..thank you for reading my comments here Maria..and don't forget I am waiting you in my blog too..so you can put some comments there..okeyy..😉😉😉😉😉 see you 😙
BalasHapusWell..thank you for reading my comments here Maria..and don't forget I am waiting you in my blog too..so you can put some comments there..okeyy..😉😉😉😉😉 see you 😙
BalasHapusI can make a better posts than this one even when im in 3rd grade. No one would read yor blog if you keep doing these kind of mistakes. Please learn more about writing and many more blogging kind of things. #bully #peace
BalasHapushi shella widia
Hapuseverywhere you don't respect people's feelings.
you should deepen social science. especially how to respect others.
You broke my eyes with this post. I’d rather read a broken old news paper from freaking 1880’s then reading this post. This blog looks like it’s made by a war veteran who still got PTSD. Please learn more about writing and many more blogging kind of things. #bully #peace
BalasHapusHi Maria, I think I've seen you
BalasHapusbut I forgot the name of the place.
oh yeah on my blog. You said my writing was hard to read because of my template.
then what about you? your writing is also hard to read
hi maria, how are you
BalasHapusLooking at your presentation yesterday I was a little disappointed. even though the powtoon that you made is good, but you don't have any tricks to explain it to the audience. you should learn more about teaching.
good morning maria
BalasHapushad lunch?
I hope you will keep writing a blog. because your work is very good. keep the spirit of college yes Maria
Hello Maria. This posting is lack with information and also you don't use any media like power point or video to explain your topics. So it will make the people who reads fell bored.
BalasHapusYou also post with Indonesia Language even though you are student of English department also know this is Linguistics course, one of English majors courses. Please change the language okay.
BalasHapusmaria your template is like a kid, can't you replace it. Just download the template on Google and add the widget
BalasHapusmy advice for you you should choose colors that symbolize the impression of cheerful, uplifting. so that your readers also feel the warmth
BalasHapusmaria I want to ask, how interesting is this phonology that you want to discuss it? what are the benefits?
BalasHapus